There can be a lot of confusion about what terms to use when describing neurodivergence and members of the neurodivergent community. In this blog post, you’ll learn about person-first vs. identity-first language, common terminology, and functioning labels.

Introduction

As our understanding of neurodivergence evolves, so does the language we use to discuss it. This blog post aims to clarify some frequently used neurodivergence terminology, shedding light on the preferences within the neurodivergent community. Whether you’re new to this topic or looking to deepen your understanding, this guide will provide you with valuable insights.

Person-First vs. Identity-First Language

In professional and clinical settings, it’s common to encounter person-first language, such as “person with autism” or “person with ADHD.” This approach aims to emphasize personhood before a diagnosis. However, many neurodivergent (ND) individuals prefer identity-first language, identifying themselves simply as “autistic,” “ADHDers,” or “auDHDers” (both autistic and ADHD).

Neurodivergence is a fundamental aspect of one’s identity, much like race or gender. Just as you wouldn’t refer to a person of color as a “person with color,” it’s similarly respectful to refer to an ND as “autistic” or “ADHDer” instead of saying they “have” autism or ADHD. This acknowledges the significance of neurodivergence in their lives.

Each ND will have their own preferred terminology. Some may use “autistic” both as an adjective and a noun, while others might prefer the noun “autist,” although it is not widely recognized. The language used in this blog reflects the preferences and identity of the author. 

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Some autistics find the official diagnostic term for autism, “autism spectrum disorder” (ASD), pathologizing and prefer simply “autism.” Others dislike the phrase “on the spectrum” as it may imply that autism is not an integral part of their identity. Nevertheless, the concept of an autism spectrum is essential as it acknowledges the diverse range of experiences and needs within the autistic community.

Similarly, the spectrum concept is relevant when discussing ADHD. ADHD, like autism, exists along a continuum, with individuals experiencing varying degrees of attention variability and hyperactivity.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Many ADHDers find the term “attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder” (ADHD) inaccurate and pathologizing, as they do not have a deficit in attention but rather a situationally variable attention span. Despite this, no widely accepted alternative term exists, and ADHD remains in common usage.

High/Low Functioning Labels

Historically, functioning labels like “high functioning” or “low functioning” aimed to categorize autistics based on impairment levels. However, the term “lower functioning” can be derogatory, and “functioning” varies depending on context. For example, someone considered “high functioning” at home may need more support in a different environment, where sensory differences can lead to overload, shutdown, meltdown, or burnout.

An alternative to functioning labels is support labels, such as “high support” or “low support.” These labels focus on an individual’s overall support needs and align with current diagnostic practices of assigning a support level (Level 1: little support, Level 2: substantial support, Level 3: very substantial support). While not perfect, support labels are less harmful than functioning labels.

Asperger Syndrome

Once a diagnosis assigned to “high functioning” autistics, Asperger syndrome has been integrated into the broader ASD diagnosis by the American Psychiatric Association. However, research indicates neurobiological, cognitive, and behavioral distinctions between “Aspies” and other autistics.

Some autistics previously diagnosed with Asperger syndrome continue to identify as “Aspies,” finding a sense of recognition, acceptance, and belonging within this label. Others oppose using the term “Asperger” because of its association with Hans Asperger, an Austrian physician who collaborated with the Nazi regime.

Concluding Thoughts

Language is powerful, and the words we use to describe neurodivergence matter. By understanding and respecting the preferred neurodivergence terminology of the neurodivergent community, we can foster greater acceptance and inclusivity. As our knowledge of neurodivergence grows, so too will the language we use to describe it.